Umgaqo-nkqubo Wokusebenza Wee-Soft Starters (Inkcazo yobungcali yoNxibelelwano loBugcisa loRhwebo lwaNgaphandle)
A umqalisi othambileyo (ngeSpanish: arrancador suave) sisixhobo sokulawula iimoto ze-AC induction, ezinomsebenzi ophambili wazo ukufezekisa ukuqala nokuma okunempembelelo encinci ngokulawula kakuhle i-voltage yesiphelo semotoIyathintela ukonakala kweenjini, iigridi zombane, kunye nezixhobo zomthwalo ezibangelwa ngumsinga ophezulu wokungena ngexesha lokuqalisa ngqo, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi Izixhobo Zoshishino ezifana neempompo, iifeni, iicompressor, kunye neeconveyor.
Umgaqo-siseko wokusebenza: Ulawulo lwe-Voltage Ramp (Eyona ndlela iQhelekileyo)
Icandelo eliphambili le Umqalisi othambileyo yiI-Triacokanye imodyuli ye-thyristor echaseneyo(amaqela amabini ee-thyristors adityaniswe ngokuhambelanayo ukufezekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla e-AC kwicala ngalinye). Ingqiqo yayo yokusebenza isekelwe kumgaqo "we-voltage gradient", kunye nenkqubo ethile ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Isigaba sokuQala:
- Xa injini iqhagamshelwe kwi Ukunikezwa Amandla, i-starter ethambileyo inyusa kancinci i-engile yokuqhuba (umjikelo womsebenzi) we-thyristor ngesekethe yolawulo lwe-elektroniki, ukuze i-voltage esetyenziswa kwi-motor stator winding inyuke ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya kwi-voltage elinganisiweyo (i-voltage rise curve inokubekwa, efana ne-linear okanye i-exponential).
- I-torque yemoto ilingana nesikwere se-voltage (T∝U²). Xa i-voltage inyuka kancinci, i-torque nayo iyanda kakuhle, kwaye isantya semoto sihamba ngokukhawuleza ukusuka ekuphumleni ukuya kwisantya esilinganisiweyo (ngesiqhelo imizuzwana emi-3-30, ehlengahlengiswayo ngokwemithwalo).
- Xa kuthelekiswa nokuqala ngqo (apho i-voltage ifakwa ngoko nangoko kwixabiso elilinganisiweyo, kwaye umsinga wokuqalisa unokufikelela amaxesha ama-5-8 kumsinga olinganisiweyo), i-starter ethambileyo inokunciphisa umsinga wokuqalisa ukuya kumaxesha ama-1.5-4 kumsinga olinganisiweyo, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu impembelelo yomsinga.
- Isigaba sokuSebenza:
- Emva kokuba imoto ifikelele kwisantya esilinganisiweyo, i-thyristor ye-starter ethambileyo iqhuba ngokupheleleyo (ilingana ne-short circuit), kwaye imoto iqhagamshelwe ngqo kwi-power grid ukuze isebenze. Ngeli xesha, i-starter ethambileyo ayinawo phantse amandla asetyenziswayo, nto leyo ethintela ukufudumeza ixesha elide.
- Ezinye iimodeli ezikumgangatho ophezulu zixhotyiswe nge-bypass contactor. Emva kokuba ukuqalisa kugqityiwe, i-contactor iyatsala ukuze ithathe indawo ye-thyristor ukuze iqhube, nto leyo ephucula ngakumbi ukuthembeka kwayo kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko.
- Isigaba sokumisa:
- Emva kokufumana isignali yokumisa, i-starter ethambileyo iyanciphisa kancinci i-engile yokuqhuba ye-thyristor, nto leyo eyenza i-voltage yesiphelo semoto yehle kancinci, kwaye isantya sehla kancinci siye kuma (Ukuma okuthambileyoOku kuthintela impembelelo yokungakhathali komthwalo okubangelwa kukuma ngequbuliso (njengomphumo wamanzi weempompo kunye nokutyibilika kwezinto zokuhambisa).
Iimpawu zoBugcisa eziPhambili (ezilungiselelwe uNxibelelwano lweeParamitha zoBugcisa zoRhwebo lwaNgaphandle)
- Ukuqala koMda wangoku: Ngokumisela umda ophezulu wokuqalisa wamandla, ithintela ukuhla kwe-voltage yegridi yamandla kwaye ikhusela ukujija kwemoto kwimpembelelo yamandla aphezulu.
- Uhlengahlengiso lweRamp yeVoltageIxesha lokunyuka kwevolthi (imizuzwana eyi-0-30) lingasetwa ukuze lilungelelanise iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zomthwalo (umz., ixesha elide lokunyuka liyafuneka ukuze kuqalwe umthwalo onzima).
- Imisebenzi yoKhuselo: Iyadibanisa Ukhuseleko Lomthwalo Ogqithisileyo, ukhuseleko lokulahleka kwesigaba, ukhuseleko lwe-overvoltage/undervoltage, ukhuseleko lobushushu obugqithisileyo, njl. Ikhawuleza inqumle umbane kunye nee-alamu xa kukho iziphene.
- Iintlobo zeeMoto ezisebenzayo: Zilungele kuphela iimoto zokungenisa umoya ze-AC ezinamanqanaba amathathu (uhlobo lwe-squirrel-cage), kungekhona iimoto ze-DC, iimoto ezihambelanayo, okanye iimoto ze-wound-rotor.
- Umahluko kwi-Inverters (VFD)(Umbuzo oQhelekileyo kakhulu kuNxibelelwano loRhwebo lwaNgaphandle):
| Into yokuthelekisa | Umqalisi othambileyo | I-Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) |
| Umsebenzi ongundoqo | Ukuqalisa/ukuyeka okuthambileyo kuphela | Ukuqalisa okuthambileyo + ulawulo lwesantya + ulawulo lokonga amandla |
| Umgaqo Wokusebenza | Ulawulo lweVoltage (i-frequency eqhubekayo) | Ulawulo lweVoltage + frequency (ulawulo lwe-V/F) |
| Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuSebenza | Akukho kusetyenziswa kwamandla emva kokuqala | Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla athile ixesha elide (malunga ne-3-5%) |
| Ixabiso | I-Lower (malunga ne-1/3-1/2 ye-VFD) | Phezulu |
| Imeko ezisebenzayo | Izixhobo ezingenalo ulawulo lwesantya (iipompo, iifeni, iicompressor) | Izixhobo ezifuna ukulawulwa kwesantya (ii-conveyors, izixhobo zoomatshini, ii-lifti) |
Imizekelo eqhelekileyo yokusetyenziswa (ehambelana noNxibelelwano lweShishini loRhwebo lwaNgaphandle)
- Iimpompo/iifeni: Ziphephe iinguqu zegridi yamandla ezibangelwa kukuqala kwempembelelo yamandla, kwaye unciphise impembelelo yesando samanzi/impembelelo yokumelana nomoya ngexesha lokuma;
- IiCompressors/iiAir Compressors: Nciphisa umthwalo woomatshini ngexesha lokuqalisa kwaye ukhusele izinto ezifana neesilinda kunye neepiston;
- IiConveyors: Zithintele ukutyibilika kwezinto ngexesha lokuqalisa kunye nokuqhobosha kakuhle ngexesha lokuma;
- Izixhobo zoomatshini/Imithwalo yePompo: Ifanelekile kwiimashini eziqhelekileyo ezingadingi kulawulwa kwesantya kodwa ezinovelwano xa ziqala ukusebenza.
Ukuba ufuna ukulungelelanisa iiparameter ezithile zobugcisa (ezifana nobubanzi bevolthi, umlinganiselo wangoku, okanye indlela yokulawula yemodeli ethile ye-soft starter) kunxibelelwano lorhwebo lwangaphandle (umz., ukuguqulelwa nge-imeyile, ukutolikwa kweeparameter), nceda unikeze umxholo othile ukuze ufumane uncedo oluthe kratya!