Isimiso Sokusebenza Sabaqalisi Abathambile (Incazelo Yobungcweti Yokuxhumana Kwezobuchwepheshe Kwezohwebo Lwangaphandle)
A isiqalisi esithambile (ISpanishi: i-arrancador suave) iyidivayisi yokulawula yama-motor okungenisa i-AC, umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukufeza ukuqala nokuma okunomthelela ophansi ngokulawula kahle i-voltage yesiteshi semotoIgwema ukulimala kwama-motor, ama-power grid, kanye nemishini yokulayisha okubangelwa ukugeleza okuphezulu kwamandla ngesikhathi sokuqala ngqo, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ku Imishini Yezimboni njengamaphampu, amafeni, ama-compressor, kanye nama-conveyor.
Isimiso Sokusebenza Esiyinhloko: Ukulawulwa Kwe-Voltage Ramp (Indlela Evame Kakhulu)
Ingxenye eyinhloko ye- Isiqalo Esithambile kuyintoI-Triacnoma imodyuli ye-thyristor ephikisanayo(amaqembu amabili e-thyristors axhunywe ngokulandelana okuphambene ukuze kufezwe ukuqhutshwa kwamandla e-AC okuqondiswayo okubili). Umqondo wayo wokusebenza usekelwe esimisweni "se-voltage gradient", ngenqubo ethile kanje:
- Isigaba Sokuqala:
- Uma injini ixhunywe ku- Ukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi, isiqalo esithambile sandisa kancane kancane i-engeli yokuqhuba (umjikelezo womsebenzi) we-thyristor ngesekethe yokulawula kagesi, ukuze i-voltage esetshenziswa ku-motor stator winding ikhuphuke isuka ku-0 iye ku-voltage elinganisiwe (i-voltage rise curve ingasethwa, njenge-linear noma i-exponential).
- I-torque yenjini ilingana nesikwele se-voltage (T∝U²). Uma i-voltage ikhuphuka kancane, i-torque nayo iyanda kahle, futhi ijubane lenjini lishesha kancane kancane ukusuka ekuphumuleni kuya esivinini esilinganiselwe (ngokuvamile imizuzwana emi-3-30, elungisekayo ngokuya ngomthwalo).
- Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqala okuqondile (lapho i-voltage ifakwa khona manjalo enanini elilinganiselwe, futhi ugesi oqalayo ungafinyelela izikhathi ezi-5-8 zogesi olinganiselwe), isiqalisi esithambile singakhawulela ugesi oqalayo ube izikhathi ezi-1.5-4 zogesi olinganiselwe, okunciphisa kakhulu umthelela wamanje.
- Isigaba Sokusebenza:
- Ngemva kokuba injini ifinyelele isivinini esilinganiselwe, i-thyristor yesiqalisi esithambile iyasebenza ngokugcwele (okulingana ne-short circuit), futhi injini ixhunywe ngqo kugridi yamandla ukuze isebenze. Ngalesi sikhathi, isiqalisi esithambile cishe asinawo amandla okusebenzisa, okugwema ukushisa isikhathi eside.
- Amanye amamodeli aphezulu afakwe i-bypass contactor. Ngemva kokuthi ukuqalisa sekuqediwe, i-contactor iyangena ukuze ithathe indawo ye-thyristor ukuze iqhube, okuthuthukisa ukuthembeka nokunciphisa ukulahleka.
- Isigaba Sokuma:
- Ngemva kokuthola isignali yokuma, isiqalo esithambile sinciphisa kancane kancane i-engeli yokuqhuba ye-thyristor, okwenza i-voltage ye-motor terminal yehle kancane, futhi ijubane lehla kahle liye kuma (Isitophu EsithambileLokhu kugwema umthelela wokungalali kahle komthwalo okubangelwa ukuma okungazelelwe (njengomphumela wesando samanzi samaphampu kanye nokushelela kwezinto ezithwalayo).
Izici Eziyinhloko Zobuchwepheshe (Ezilungiselelwe Ukuxhumana Kwepharamitha Yobuchwepheshe Yokuhweba Kwangaphandle)
- Ukuqala Umkhawulo Wamanje: Ngokubeka umkhawulo wamanje wokuqala ophezulu, kuvimbela ukuwohloka kwe-voltage yegridi yamandla futhi kuvikela ukugoqa kwenjini ekushayweni kwamanje okuphezulu.
- Ukulungiswa Kwerempu Ye-Voltage: Isikhathi sokukhuphuka kwamandla kagesi (imizuzwana engu-0-30) singasethwa ukuze sivumelane nezici ezahlukene zomthwalo (isb., isikhathi eside sokukhuphuka siyadingeka ukuze kuqalwe umthwalo osindayo).
- Imisebenzi Yokuvikela: Iyahlanganisa Ukuvikelwa Kokulayisha Okungaphezu Komthwalo, isivikelo sokulahlekelwa yisigaba, isivikelo se-overvoltage/undervoltage, isivikelo sokushisa ngokweqile, njll. Inqamula ngokushesha ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nama-alamu uma kwenzeka amaphutha.
- Izinhlobo Zemoto Ezisebenzayo: Ifanele kuphela amamotha okungenisa i-AC anezigaba ezintathu (uhlobo lwe-squirrel-cage), hhayi amamotha e-DC, amamotha ahambisanayo, noma amamotha e-wound-rotor.
- Umehluko kuma-Inverters (VFD)(Umbuzo Ovame Kakhulu Ekuxhumaneni Kwezohwebo Lwangaphandle):
| Into Yokuqhathanisa | Isiqalo Esithambile | I-Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) |
| Umsebenzi Oyinhloko | Ukuqala/ukuyeka okuthambile kuphela | Ukuqala okuthambile + ukulawulwa kwesivinini + ukulawula ukonga amandla |
| Isimiso Sokusebenza | Ukulawulwa kwe-voltage (imvamisa eqhubekayo) | Ukulawulwa kwe-voltage + imvamisa (ukulawula i-V/F) |
| Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Okusebenza | Akukho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngemva kokuqala | Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwesikhathi eside (cishe u-3-5%) |
| Izindleko | Okuphansi (cishe i-1/3-1/2 ye-VFD) | Okuphakeme |
| Izimo Ezisebenzayo | Imishini engenawo umgomo wesivinini (amaphampu, amafeni, ama-compressor) | Imishini edinga ukulawulwa kwesivinini (ama-conveyor, amathuluzi omshini, ama-lifti) |
Izimo Ezijwayelekile Zokusebenza (Ezihambisana Nokuxhumana Kwebhizinisi Lokuhweba Kwangaphandle)
- Amaphampu/Amafeni: Gwema ukushintshashintsha kwegridi yamandla okubangelwa umthelela wamanje wokuqala, futhi unciphise umphumela wesando samanzi/umthelela wokumelana nomoya ngesikhathi sokuma;
- Ama-compressor/Ama-Air Compressor: Nciphisa umthwalo womshini ngesikhathi sokuqala futhi uvikele izingxenye ezifana namasilinda nama-piston;
- Ama-Conveyor: Vimbela ukushelela kwezinto ngesikhathi sokuqala kanye nokubhuleka okubushelelezi ngesikhathi sokuma;
- Amathuluzi Omshini/Imithwalo Yephampu: Ifanele imishini ejwayelekile engadingi ukulawulwa kwesivinini kodwa ezwelayo ekushayweni kokuqala.
Uma udinga ukuvumelanisa amapharamitha athile obuchwepheshe (njengobubanzi bamandla kagesi, isilinganiso samanje, noma indlela yokulawula yemodeli ethile ye-soft starter) yokuxhumana kwezentengiselwano zangaphandle (isb., ukuhumusha nge-imeyili, ukuhumusha kwamapharamitha), sicela unikeze okuqukethwe okuthile ukuze uthole usizo olwengeziwe!